China City and Province Introduction: Shanghai

On June 4, 2010, In Shanghai, By admin

 

Note: * Municipalities are directly under the administration of central government. A municipality has the same political, economical and jurisdictional rights as a province.

Shanghai Geography and Climate

One of the three municipalities under the direct jurisdiction of the Central Government, Shanghai is situated in the middle of China’s coastline, bordering on the East China Sea in the east, lying at the month of Changjiang (Yangtze) River and covering a coastline of about 200 kilometers. It has a total area of 6,200 square kilometers and a population of 18.88 million (including Han, Hui, Manchu and other nationalities). It is China’s most populous city and one of the largest in the world.

Shanghai Climate

Shanghai has a humid temperate climate with four distinct seasons. The average temperature of January—the coldest month is about 3 ºC (37 ºF), and that of August – the warmest month about 27ºC (81ºF). The average annual precipitation is over 1,100 mm, of which 40 per cent is in summer.
Shanghai is often affected by typhoon between July and September. Even in the mid-summer days, Shanghai’s warmest spell of the year is rather short.

Brief History of Shanghai

Shanghai became on inhabited area more than 5,000 years ago after land had taken shape there. Its earliest days, it was a desolated fishing village. By the 17th century, it had become a flourishing port. After the Opium War, Shanghai was forced by the colonialist to open as a” trade port” and had remained so since 1843.

In the ensuring century or more, the imperialists had vied with each other in establishing ” concessions” in Shanghai and in carving out their respective spheres of influence, turning the city into a stronghold for their aggression against and plunder of China. They called Shanghai the “paradise of adventure”.

The First National Congress of Chinese Communist Party was held here in July 1921.

In 1921, the First National Congress of the Communist Party of China was convened in Shanghai, proclaiming the funding of the Chinese Communist Party. Chinese communist got control of Shanghai (libration) in May 1949.

Shanghai Local Cuisine

As a major city developed in modern times, Shanghai has become a gastronomic centre of all the major cuisine of China, having more than 2,000 restaurants and snack houses. And through years of culinary practice, it has absorbed the art and skills of other major styles of cuisine and created a style of cuisine peculiar to its own.

Shanghai dishes are mellow in flavor, rich in sauce, original in gravy and agreeable to the taste. Shanghai cooking noted for its art of braising, stewing, simmering, pickling in rice wine, stir-frying and deep-frying. Shanghai is particularly renowned for its vegetarian dishes.

Taking vegetable, bean products, dried mushrooms, agarics and bamboo shoots as main ingredients, chefs make savoury dishes resembling meat or fish in color, fragrance, shape and flavor but devoid of the unpalatable fishy and greasy taste. Shanghai also has a number of western-style restaurants offering English, French, German, Italian and Russian cuisine to suit the palate of tourists.

Shanghai Local Products

The perch from Sangjiang County of Shanghai has been as the “delicacy of southeast China”: the juicy peaches from Longhua are the best quality among peaches: the crabs from Chongming Island at the mouth of the Changjiang River and from the Dianshan Lake are fleshy and tasty: the bamboo shoots from Sheshan Hill are famous for their orchid like fragrance.

In addition, there are the fermented bean curds for the Capital; the Pear Syrup Cubes from the City God’s Temple, Spiced beans of shanghai flavour, and Dried Duck Gizzard from Daoxiangcun Delicatessen shop, etc. Shanghai is also one of the main centers of arts and handicrafts in China.

These products may be ware, etc. With ingenious design and exquisite workshop, they have a distinctive local flavour and above all the best qualities, ancient and modern, foreign and domestic. Needlepoint tapestry, knitwear and embroidery, silk fabrics and garments are even more outstanding in reputation.

Shopping in Shanghai

Shanghai is the most flouring commercial city of China, known as a paradise for shopping in China. Apart from it’s over 24,000 department stores, large and small, it has a number of antique shops, art and handicrafts shops for the service of foreign visitors and seamen as well as a shop serving overseas Chinese. All kinds of goods that appeal to foreign guests are available at the bustling streets of Shanghai, ranging from articles of daily necessity of souvenirs and works of art. Commodities and handicrafts articles from Shanghai are known for their exquisite workmanship, high quality, beautiful design, novel style and deluxe packing.
The Nanjing( Nanking) Road is a world-famous street covering a length of 10 li and dotted with over 350 shops, large and small, serving nearly a million customers every day. Among the large shops are the No.1 and No. 10 Department Stores, the No. 1 Food Company and the Shanghai Clothing Store, etc. Besides, there are a number of specialised shops, each having something special offer.

Places of Interests and Tourist Attractions of Shanghai

Apart from its metropolitan elegance, Shanghai has also many scenic spots, places of historical interest and tourist attraction and is worth seeing.
The Yu Yuan Garden which can be traced back to the past two feudal dynasties of Ming and Qing is renowned as “the best scenic spot in the south of the Changjiang (Yangtze) River”. Covering an area of only 20,000 square meters, the Garden has an exquisite designing, meticulous lay-out and artistic spacing, characterized by broadness of view in a small area and a distinctive style of the garden architecture of southern China in Ming and Qing Dynasties. What appeals to the visitors are the 40 or more scenes in the garden which are divided into seven scenic areas by five dragon walls, each bearing its unique characteristic.

 

Yuyuan Garden

A famous Buddhist temple is in southern China, the Jade Buddha, which is 1.9 meters high, glittering and translucent, and solemn in facial expression. In addition, there is a reclining white jade Buddha, which is 0.96 meter tall looking natural and vivid.

There is also the Longhua Pagoda which was built more than a thousand years ago.

Boat excursions can be arranged between the Bund (water-front of Shanghai) and Wusong Mouth. A two-way trip covers some 60 kilometres and enables you enjoy the magnificent scenes on both banks of the Huangpu River and watch the majestic view of the Changjiang River. Elegantly-shaped and well-equipped excursion boats of various sizes are available for pleasure sailing. The large ones have chairs and tea-tables on their decks, cabins for artistic performances, photo studious, dining rooms, retail shops, etc. A boat excursion along the Huanpu River makes you fell refreshed and relaxed at a a floating club.

 

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Introduction ShanDong University and History

On May 27, 2010, In University, By admin

Shandong University is one of the oldest and prestigious universities in China . Shandong University was founded in 1901 and is the second national university established soon after Jingshi University (the Metropolitan University ) in the country. Recently, the Ministry of Education approved the university as a “national key comprehensive university.” In 2001, it was listed among the 21 national key construction first-class universities by the Ministry of Education.

Situated in Jinan , capital city of Shandong Province , Shandong University covers an area of 3.849 square kilometers. The province is located on the east coastal part of China and the lower reach of Yellow River . Not only is it one of the most economically developed coastal provinces in China , but also a major contributor to the ancient Chinese culture—the auspicious birthplace of Qilu culture.

Shandong University consists of 31 schools/colleges and a graduate school. Courses are offered in 11 main academic disciplines: philosophy, economics, law, literature, history, natural sciences, engineering, management, medicine , education and military. There are 104 undergraduate degree programs, 209 master degree programs, 127 doctoral degree programs, and 15 post-doctorate mobile stations. In addition, there are 7 professional master’s degree programs in law, business management, engineering, clinical medicine, public health, dentistry and public administration respectively. The student population totals to about 95,000, of which 40,978 are fulltime students, 10,755 are postgraduate students, and over 1,000 are international students.

Shandong University embraces an abundance of scientific research facilities, a strong teaching staff, and favorable studying environment. At the university, there exist 35 national, provincial, and ministerial key academic disciplines; 2 national key research labs; 20 provincial and ministerial key research labs; a national engineering and technology promotion center; 19 provincial technology research centers; 4 national basic scientific research and personnel development bases; 4 social science key research bases approved by Ministry of Education; and 4 national fundamental science personnel development bases. The university also has a group of reputed scholars known home and abroad, of which 922 are professors. There are 29 academicians(including adjunct academicians) who are members of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the Chinese Academy of Engineering.Three general hospitals, including Qilu Hospital and 12 teaching hospitals are affiliated with the university. Over 175 experimental labs,teaching and research facilities are well-equipped. The university library houses a collection of about 5,600, 000 volumes.

Shandong University is a higher learning institution open to the world. Over the years, Shandong University has established a broad international network for educational cooperation and has signed exchange agreements with over 70 universities from over 50 countries. The university remains active in academic cooperation and exchanges with over 100 educational and research institutions worldwide. The university becomes an important education base for international students. Since 1980, Shandong University has received over 10,000 students from over 60 countries.

History of ShanDong University

1901 Jinan, Shandong Metropolitan University 　

1904 Jinan, Shandong Institution of Higher Learning

1911 Jinan, School Of Higher Learning

1914 Jinan, Shandong Provincial Law and Politics College Shandong Provincial Industrial College Shandong Provincial Commercial College

1920 Jinan, Shandong Provincial Medical College Shandong Provincial College of Mineralogy

1924 Qingdao, Qingdao University (Private) 1926 Jinan, Shandong Provincial University

1932 Qingdao, National Shandong University

1938 Sichuan, University Property Protection Committee of National Shandong University

1937-1945 Japanese Invasion Period

1944 Jiangsu, The Huazhong Construction University

1945 Linyi County, Linyi Shandong University

1946 Qingdao, National Shandong University>

1948 Weixian County, the Huadong (East China) University

1951 Qingdao, Shandong University

1956 Qingdao, Qingdao Medical College

1959 Qingdao, Shandong Ocean College (Today, Qingdao Ocean University)

1958 Jinan, Shandong University

1970 Qufu, The Departments of liberal arts moved to Qufu to build Shandong university, combining with Qufu Teachers College

1970 Tai’an, The Department of Biology moved to Tai’an and became part of the Shandong Agricultural College

1970 Jinan, the Department of Science and the Administration staying at Jinan built into Shandong University of Science and Technology in its present site

1974 Jinan, Shandong University

1984 Weihai, Shandong University Weihai Branch

2000 witnessed the merger of Shandong University with Shandong Medical University and Shandong University of Technology, resulting in the emergence of a new ,large scale Shandong University with enhanced strength and expanded academic disciplines.

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History of Wuhan University

On May 20, 2010, In University, By admin

Wuhan University is a key university directly under the administration of the Education Ministry of the People’s Republic of China. It is located in Hubei Province’s capital Wuhan known as “The thoroughfare leading to nine provinces”. The university has rolling physical features with the scenic Luojia Hill in it and the beautiful East Lake by its side, seeming in picturesque disorder. Its campus is wooded and green, and has fragrant flowers everywhere all the year round, the buildings are in special architectural styles, magnificent and mansion-looking. For the above reasons, Wuhan University is widely known as one of the most beautiful universities in the world.

The university dates back to Ziqiang Institute, which was founded in 1893 by Zhang Zhidong, governor of Hubei and Hunan Provinces in late Qing Dynasty after his memorial to the throne was approved by the Qing Government. Later, it changed its name several times before it was named National Wuhan University in July 1928. During the War of Resistance Against Japan, Wuhan University moved to Leshan, Sichuan Province and returned to Luojia Hill after the victory of the war. By the end of 1946, the university had six colleges, i.e., the colleges of liberal arts, law, sciences, engineering, agriculture and medicine. Wuhan University had a glorious revolutionary tradition and enjoyed a very high academic status, with Wang Shijie, Wang Xinggong and Zhou Gengsheng as its successive presidents. Zhou Enlai, Dong Biwu, Chen Tanqiu, Deng Yingchao and Luo Ronghuan, et al. were once engaged one after another in revolutionary activities here, while a great number of well-known scholars like Gu Hongming, Zhu Kezhen, Wu Baoliang, Zha Qian, Gui Zhiting, Ye Yage, Li Siguang, Wen Yiduo, Huang Kan, Yu Dafu, Shen Congwen, Zhu Guangqian, Liu Ze, Liu Yongji, Ye Shengtao, Yang Duanliu and Li Jiannong taught here successively. In 1948, Oxford University of Britain wrote an official letter to the Ministry of Education of the Chinese National Government, confirming that bachelors of liberal arts and sciences graduated from Wuhan University and with average grades above 80 could enjoy “the senior status of Oxford”.

Since the founding of the People’s Republic of China, the Chinese Communist Party and the Government have attached great importance to Wuhan University. Mao Zedong, Ye Jianying, Peng Dehuai, Zhang Wentian, Lu Dingyi and others had inspectioned the university personally. In 1952, after a general reshuffle of the colleges and departments of the higher educational institutions throughout the country, Wuhan University became a key university of liberal arts and sciences directly under the administration of the Ministry of Higher Education. Professor Li Da, Delegate to the First Congress of the Chinese Communist Party and a celebrated philosopher, economist and academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, held the post of president of the university for 14 years, during which the quality of teaching and the level of scientific research were further enhanced.

Since the start of China’s reform and open policy, the university has achieved the -world’s-attention-attracting achievements through its courageous reforming, opening up, and advancing in every aspect.

Approved by the State Council, was founded on August 2nd, 2000 the new Wuhan University—-an amalgamation of the original Wuhan University, Wuhan University of Hydraulic and Electrical Engineering, Wuhan Technical University of Surveying and Mapping, and Hubei Medical University. The new Wuhan University (named Wuhan University hereinafter) has a vast range of prospects of development because it is a combination of 4 first-rate universities in China or in the province(Three are China’s key universities of “211 Project”, and one is key one of Hubei Province), whose favorable opportunities, terrain and the union arising from the fore out of Chinese universities and colleges. Wuhan University of Hydraulic and Electrical Engineering was the country’s best university of comprehensive strength, Wuhan Technical University of Surveying and Mapping was the best university with the disciplines of survey and cartography in the world, Hubei Medical University was the province’s one key medical university as was established before 1949 and has kept developing until now.The university is a natural whole with the discipcins of philosophy, economics, law, education. Literature, history, sciences, engineering, agriculture, medicine and management, 45,000-odd students including 12,000-odd postgraduates. It has been authorized by the State Council to set up graduate schools,with 143 doctoral degrees and 217 master programs ,15 post doc circulation stations.Another 20 have been evaluated as state-level key disciplines, and 20 are listed as “211 Project” key discipline to be constructed by the State.

The university now has 5,000-odd teachers, including 3,000-odd professes and associate professors, 570-odd doctorate supervisors, 4 academicians of chinese Academy of sciences,5 academicians of the Chinese Academy of Engineering, 2 academicians of the international Eurasian Academy of Sciences. The university has also 22 discipline offering “the Changjiang River program awarding scholars” for the posts of the special appointed professors.

During the past 10 years, Wuhan University completed thousands of natural sciences research projects,among which many reached international advanced levels,many won various awards including 40-odd ministerial or provincial awards each year.Time and again,the university has been on the list of top ten University in China for patent application and SCI citation.Through making its scientific research achievements serve the country’s economic construction,the university has become a creation base uniting teaching,research and production.In the domain of social sciences and human studies,the university ever has its own traditional superiority with national, ministerial and provincial awards on the top among Chinese Universities. It twice got the 2nd place in the national appraisals of the excellent achievements in humanities and social sciences research in the years of 1995 and 1998. Recently a great number of achievements with even greater application value emerged,contributing a great deal to China’s economic construction and social progress.

Wuhan University boasts a campus which covers an area of 5508 mu and it has a floorage of 2.42 million square metres. There are large modernized teaching buildings, laboratory buildings, gymnasiums, sports grounds, swimming pools, archive buildings, and a specimen building with more then 200,000 piees of valuable animal and plant specimens. The university’s libraries have a collection of approximately 5.2 million volumes, subscribe to more then 10,000 kinds of Chinese and foreign periodicals, are the central-China canter officially decided for the “211 Project” documents–ensuring system of the Chinese universities and colleges. It now has two key State-level laboratories,three State-level discipline laboratories, two State-level research centers in engineering, six national research bases for humanities and social sciences, and seven national bases for fostering basic science personnel. Over twenty academic periodicals, Wuhan University Journal included, are published by the university, which has its own presses including an audiovisual material publishing house, colleges of foreign students education and adult education, East Lake branch school, and three attached hospitals which are all of first-class according to the official standard.

During the last ten years the university sent abroad thounds of members of different kinds under various programs, invited 300 hundred famous foreign scholars and political personages to be its part-time professors, honorary professors or guest professors, and established relations of academic cooperation and exchanges with 200-odd universities, colleges and scientific research institutions in more then 60 countries and regions.

During the past 100-odd years after its founding, Wuhan University gradually developed a fine school spirit and study style of its own, i.e., “improve oneself, promote perseverance, seek truth and make innovations”, emphasis is laid on actively meeting the needs of social development, incessantly reforming its pattern of personnel training and bringing up high-level professional talents of all-round development of morality, intelligence and physique. Since 1978, Wuhan University, bathed in the spring breeze of reform and opening-up, and with a view to fostering talents at a quicker pace and in greater number, has taken the lead among all the higher educational institutions nationwide in implementing the tutorial system and the systems of credit, major minor courses, double degrees and joining a class in the middle of the course, thus bringing up a great number of outstanding talents for the society. To encourage the students to stand out in their studies, the university has instituted the systems of graduating ahead of schedule and recommending master degree candidates and doctorate candidates without examination, and has put into practice the system of streaming graduate students at midterm. The university has founded 100-odd kinds of scholarships with a total value of 10 million-odd yuan awarding about 35 percent of the students. In its history of the past 100-odd years, the university has brought up for the country over 0.28 million specialized personnel of various kinds, who are playing or have played an important part in various domains and fronts, and many of whom have become the pillars of society.

The university’s course over the past 100 years has been closely bound up with the prosperity and decline of the motherland. It always has regarded China’s rejuvenation as its own responsibility and has been making contributions to the prosperity of China and the progress of mankind. On the occasion of its centennial celebration in 1993, Jiang Zemin, Li Peng and other Party and State leaders presented their inscriptions of congratulations, while 47 colleges and universities aboard including Harvard University, Yale University, and Tokyo University as well as various fraternal colleges and universities at home either sent representatives to attend the celebration or sent us letter of congratulations. In November 1995, Wuhan University was listed as one of China’s most celebrated universities by Science, an authoritative periodical in the international scientific field. In the meantime, the university also successfully passed the preliminary qualification assessment for “211 Project” and was included in the priority project for the development of national key universities. In 1999, Wuhan University was fixed by the Chinese central authorities as a university whose heads enjoy the (same) position of a vice-minister of the State Council. On February 13th 2001, the Education Ministry and the Leadership of Hubei Province decided to make efforts jointly in order to build Wuhan University into a “high-level university well known both at home and abroad”.

Benefited from the brilliant achievements achieved during the past hundred years, the four universities’ cream and the new favorable opportunities of development, and stimulated by the new challenge, Wuhan University is working hard for building a number of disciplines with the first-rate levels in the world, bring development in the relevant discipline circles of the world, achieving a large number of achievements in basic theoretical and high-technological studies, which are important, creative and even epoch-making, and fostering quite many personnel having high qualities and original ideas. By the year of 2010, it will be built into a high-level university well known both at home and abroad as well as a main force for vitalizing China and Hubei through science and education. On this basis, still greater efforts are to be make to raise the teaching, scientific research and every other work of the university to international advanced levels so that the university can enjoy high position and great prestige in the international academic circles before the middle twenty-first century when Wuhan University will be built into a first-rate university of the world.

welcome to Wuhan University

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History of ZheJiang University

On May 18, 2010, In University, By admin

The main root of the current Zhejiang University, Qiushi Academy, was founded in 1897 and was one of the earliest modern academies of higher education in China. Since 1901 Qiushi Academy had its name changed several times, and even was once suspended. In 1927, on the historic site of the academy, the Third Natinal Sun Yat-sen University was established.On April 1, 1928, it was renamed Zhejiang University. Since July 1, 1928, it had been known as National Zhejiang University with three schools, namely School of Engineering, School of Agriculture and School of Liberal Arts and Science.

Since the outbreak of the War of Resistance Against Japan, Zhejiang University was forced to move to Guizhou. Under the guidance of President Chu Kochen, the famous meteorologist,  geologist and educator, Zhejiang University went all the way through difficulties and adversities to establish itself as one of the leading universities in China. It was even honored as “Oriental Cambridge” by famous British scholar Joseph Needham. In 1946 Zhejiang University moved back to Hangzhou. In two years’ time, it has become a comprehensive university with 7 schools, 25 departments, 9 research institutes and 1 research center covering Liberal Arts, Science, Engineering, Agriculture, Normal Education, Law, Medicine and so on.

In 1952, universities in China underwent a nationwide reshuffling due to which the disciplines and institutes of Zhejiang University were restructured and dissociated. Some institutes were upgraded to become colleges or universities and some merged with other universities such as Hangchow University and Zhejiang Provincial College of Medicine. Part of the School of Liberal Arts and School of Science merged with School of Liberal Arts and Science of Hangchow University and Zhejiang Education College to form Zhejiang Teacher’s College. In 1958 it was merged to the newly founded Hangzhou Unversity. The School of Agriculture was separated to form Zhejiang College of Agriculture, renamed as Zhejiang Agricultural University in 1960. The School of Medicine was merged to Zhejiang Provincial College of Medicine to form Zhejiang Medical College which was later renamed Zhejiang Medical University. After the readjustment and restructuring, Zhejiang University became a multidisciplinary polytechnical university.

The four universities with the same ancestor, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou Unviersity, Zhejiang Agricultural University and Zhejiang Medical University, all attained considerable acheivements. Zhejiang University became a key national university covering a wide range of disciplines with focuses on engineering. The other three universities, with enormous potential and distinct features, also thrived in repective disciplines. These four unversities made remarkable contributions to the development of Zhejiang Province and the whole nation.

With the approval of the State Council, on Sep. 15 1998, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou University, Zhejiang Agricultural University and Zhejang Medical University amalgamated into the new Zhejiang University. The new Zhejiang University is oriented toward a comprehensive unversity with extensive academic capacity and cutting-edge competitiveness, and its founding has been a significant move in the reform and development of China’s higher education. Now Zhejiang University is under the direct administration of China’s Ministry of Education, with joint support from both the Ministry of Education and Zhejiang Provincial Government.

welcome to ZheJiang University

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History of Fudan University

On May 17, 2010, In University, By admin

As one of the national topmost institutions of advanced learning and higher education, Fudan has achieved worldwide fame throughout its venerable past. The University was established by Ma Xiang-bo in 1905. “Fudan” found its lexical origin in the quotation “Heavenly light shines day after day” taken from “Annotations of Yu and Xia” (Yu Xia Zhuan) of Scholia of The Collection of Archaic Texts (Shang Shu Da Zhuan).
In 1917, Fudan Public School began to offer undergraduate programs and officially renamed itself “Fudan University”. Li Deng-hui was the president from then on to 1937. After being expanded to a full-fledged university, the University had an increasing enrollment. It had three schools: Arts, Sciences and Business, a prep school, and a section of secondary education.

In 1929, Fudan University altered its educational system and opened four new departments: journalism, civil administration, law, and education. It consisted of seventeen departments, which comprised the four schools: Arts, Sciences, Law, and Business.

By 1937 Fudan had established four schools (Arts, Sciences, Law, and Business), which were made up of sixteen departments, a secondary school, an experimental secondary school, and two elementary schools for compulsory education. It became one of the most important institutions of academic research and higher education in southeast China.

The First Session of the 5th Congress of the Executive Yuan (Coucil) of the Repulic of China voted on 25th, November, 1941 to nationalize the Chongqiong Community of Private Fudan University. Wu Nan-xuan was appointed president of the University.

Fudan became one of the national elite universities after the founding of the People’s Republic of China in 1949. At the request of Chen Wang-dao, the first post-liberation president of Fudan, Chairman Mao Tse-tung of the CPC handwrote the name of the University. Since the beginning of New China, Fudan has seized three golden opportunities for further development, thanks to the CPC and the People’s Government.

The first one came in 1952 when colleges and universities all over the country underwent a thorough readjustment and reshuffling. Fudan lost its departments of applied disciplines for those of arts and sciences from other ten-plus universities in East China. This year saw the University’s core disciplines greatly enhanced and its faculty re-energized with new arrivals: it was in this period that eminent professors like Su Bu-qing, Chen Jian-gong, Tan Jia-zhen and Lu He-fu came to join Fudan.

The first twenty years of the Reform and Opening-up Policy brought the second grand opportunity to Fudan, whose development received the Central Government’s serious attention during the 7th, 8th and 9th National Construction Plans for the Next Five Years. The University became more intellectually comprehensive by covering a wider range of academic disciplines: the humanities, social sciences, natural sciences, technology, and management. It was to exert a more positive and profound influence on the world.

The latest is the official merger with Shanghai Medical University on 27th, April, 2000, from which a brave new Fudan was born. For the first time has the University had its own college for medical sciences. Better equipped and more robust, Fudan is one step further today toward its ambitious aim of becoming a leading university in the world.

welcome to Fudan University

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China City and Province Introduction: Chongqing (Chungking)

On May 13, 2010, In Chongqing, Cities & Provinces, By admin

Note: * Municipalities are directly under the administration of central government. A municipality has the same political, economical and jurisdictional rights as a province.
 

General Information about Chongqing (Chungking)

The city of Chongqing can be best described as southwest China’s commercial capital. Since 1997, the city has become the fourth municipality, independent from Sichuan Province, to be under the direct control of the central government.

The major port of the upper Yangzi River and gateway to the famous “Three Gorges,” Chongqing now includes most of the former eastern Sichuan Province, with a population of 30 million. It is a major center of iron and steel production, motorcycle manufacturing and shipbuilding, as well as chemical and pharmaceutical production. The religious cliff sculptures of Dazu and Baodingshan and the Three Gorges scenic region of the Yangzi River are all nearby, making Chongqing an important center for tourism despite the scarcity of notable sights within the city proper.

Chongqing lies at the confluence of the Yangzi and Jialingjiang Rivers, centered on a hilly peninsula encircled by the rivers, in what was formerly the eastern part of Sichuan Province. Also known as the Mountain City, Chongqing is 1,025 km (640 miles) northwest of Hong Kong, and 1,800 km (1,120 miles) southwest of Beijing. It is one of the four “furnace cities” of China, with blazingly hot and humid summers and cold, foggy winters.

Chongqing traces its ancient history all the way back to the 13th century BC, when it was the capital of the Ba kingdom, with a distinctive local culture contemporary with the Shang. It was given its present name, which means “Double Celebration,” by the Southern Song Emperor Guangzong in 1189, to commemorate his accessions to princely and then imperial rank. At the end of the Song period, from 1242 to 1278, Song forces held off Mongol invaders in the longest continuous military campaign ever on Chinese soil, lasting some 36 years at nearby Hechuan, 60 km to the north of the city. Chongqing was opened as a treaty port to British and Japanese traders in 1890.

Chongqing gained political importance following the Japanese invasions of the late 1930’s. After Nanjing fell in 1937, Chongqing became the wartime capital of the Kuomintang regime from 1938 on, and a focus for refugees and bombing raids that destroyed most of the city’s historical fabric. After the Japanese surrender in 1945 and the breakdown of U.S. sponsored negotiations held in Chongqing between the Kuomintang leader Chiang Kai-shek and the Communist leader Mao Zedong, Chongqing remained a Kuomintang stronghold until it fell to the People’s Liberation Army in 1949. Since then Chongqing has grown dramatically in population and economic importance, becoming the major industrial center of southwestern China.  

General Information about the Three Gorges

The Three Gorges (San Xia) scenic area on the Yangzi River includes some 200 km of rapids and dramatic, sharp bends set close between high limestone cliffs on either side, in the area between Baidicheng in Sichuan and Yichang in Hubei Province. The scheduled completion of the Three Gorges Dam project upstream from Yichang around 2008 will raise the water levels some 100 m, forever changing some of the most historically celebrated scenery in China. The area is reached via ferries or cruise ships running downstream from Chongqing to Yichang, or on to Wuhan or all the way to Shanghai.

In earlier times all the way down to the early 20th century navigating this stretch of the Yangzi River was dangerous and back-breaking work. Upstream vessels often needed the labor of hundreds of trackers on the riverbanks who hauled boats against the current using long ropes, sometimes taking weeks. By the 1950’s the most troublesome rocks and reefs had been removed, making the river navigable to ferry boats and cruise ships.

The first stop on the route downstream from Chongqing is the town of Fuling, overlooking the mouth of the Wu River that runs south into Guizhou. In the middle of the Yangzi River here is a huge rock known as Baihe Ridge, with three carvings known as “stone fish” on one side that may have served as watermarks for navigation since ancient times. The next major town is Fengdu, 193 km (120 miles) northeast of Chongqing, and known as the “city of devils.”

The first of the three Yangzi Gorges is known as the Qutang Gorge, which, at 8 kilometers long, is the smallest and shortest of the Three Gorges, but contains the fastest water. On the north bank are remains of Warring States Period peoples who buried their dead in coffins set in crevices in high caves along the riverside cliffs. Nine coffins discovered in such crevices include bronze swords and armor from the period. The cliff sides include square holes bored into the rock to hold support timbers for plank roads and scaffolds.

Wu Gorge (Wu Xia) is about 40 km long, with sheer, narrow cliffs on either side rising up to 900 m above the water and sometimes seeming to close over approaching boats. A nearby rock inscription is attributed to Zhuge Liang of the Three Kingdoms period, and the Kong Ming tablet, a large inscribed rock slab at the foot of the Peak of the Immortals. A side trip leads to the Three Little Gorges (Xiao Sanxia) along the Daning River for 33 km, passing the Dragon Gate Gorge and remains of a Qing dynasty road cut into the cliffs.

Xiling Gorge is the longest and deepest of the three at 80 km, with cliffs that rise as high as 4,000 feet. It begins at the town of Zigui, known as the birthplace of the poet Qu Yuan of the late Warring States period (3rd century BC), whose suicide is commemorated by dragon-boat races throughout southern China. In former times this was the most dangerous gorge, negotiated only with arduous efforts by trackers on shore.  At the end of the gorge is the site of the Three Gorges Dam at Sanduoping, known as the Gezhouba (Gezhou Dam), or sometimes as the Da Ba (Big Dam). When finished the dam will be 607 ft high and 2 km (1 1/2 mi) long. It is designed to furnish one-third of the entire country’s electrical power, to alleviate flooding problems, improve river navigation, and aid the economic development of rural areas along the river.

Chongqing  Local Products

Chongqing Local Cuisine

Chongqing’s diet take the Sichuan cuisine as the focus. The most negative victory on the factor is hot pot of Chongqing, it is said that eating hot pot cause by cold climate of the winter and the refreshed straightforward disposition of Chongqing person. May see the hot pot market from today street corner row after row hot pot shop the prosperity. The Chongqing hot pot mainly divides into Red soup and the consomm¨¦ two kinds, Red soup take hot fresh is fragrant as the focus, but the consomme take the color clear tasty as the characteristic.
The native most probably likes the small hot pot (calls again hot burnt) at the side of street, now because renovates the city’s appearance, it is little small hot pot at the side of street. But so long as does not leave Chongqing, you absolutely may eat the orthodox the mountain city hot pot.
Strolls the Chongqing street corner, in front of each kind of restaurant gate mostly hits has ” the hot pot ” the advertisement. The visitor enters in the shop, cooks meals in the pot, the Chinese prickly ash, the hot pepper irritating quality greatly strengthened seasoning, greatly scatters toward the pot in, and so on the pot boiling, but sees Red soup the tumbling, the hemp hotly greets the nostrils. Clamps the bristling stomach, the duck intestines and so on puts in the pot rinses, eats may do not have Beijing the quick-boiled mutton to be like that leisurely and carefree, must have ” does not fear spicily ” spirit. Every time rinses together the wool stomach or the duck intestines and so on, puts toward the mouth in front all wants under the very big determination, the Chongqing person to eat the hot pot, thinks it is best in dog days. Uses poison to combat poison, attacks the heat by the heat. Under the overpoweringly hot in the hot sun, one stove flaming, one pot boils obstructs leaps, one holds chopsticks, one waves fan, burning boils, chewing and eating at the same time , ” wields the perspiration eats the wool stomach, the perspiration leaves works as the wind is cool ” this really is the understanding sentence, the non- person in the know cannot leave this word.

The introduces of some special features snack

>>Mandarin duck hot pot
Becomes the vegetable flavor is unique, hot fresh is fragrant, fresh and mellow, has the different characteristic. The mandarin duck hot pot, It merges the traditional wool stomach hot pot Red soup the halogen and the banquet chrysanthemum hot pot consomme halogen to change the system which becomes the Sichuan innovation hot pot. This original name ” double taste hot pot “. This kind of hot pot separates with the sheet copper two half, creates one primal chaos graph, at the same time puts the consomme halogen, one side puts Red soup the halogen, enters the raw material which the pot burns rinses may along with the people’s desires. After ” the double taste hot pot “,the name is changed to ” the mandarin duck hot pot “, richer cultural flavor and diet appeal. It ingeniously put the hot pot of Red soup and the consomm¨¦ hot pot which are traditional in Sichuan into one pot, the flavor is unique, quite has the characteristic. Especially the vessel of this, this kind of picture of Taiji pot is too thought-provoking.”
Enters the hot pot with the red and white two kind of soup juice in the double pot, matches by each kind of animal fresh sliced meat and the vegetables, rinses burns becomes. The modulation of the red halogen soup has three famous formulas, the basic seasoning for the soup stock (or chicken soup, cow bouillon), the butter, the bean petal of Bei county, the Yongchuan fermented soybean, the crystal sugar, the powder of hot pepper, the powder of ginger, the Chinese prickly ash, the Sichuan salt, the Shao liquor, the Liaozao juice, request the feeling in the mouth is rich, the taste is thick, hot is palatable, fresh fragrant returns sweetly. The consomm¨¦ halogen calls the white soup halogen again, main seasoning for consomm¨¦, white soy sauce and monosodium glutamate. Its soup with the old hen, the old fat duck, the ham hoof, the ham club bone, the pig spareribs watering hangs the system, the pork and the downy chicken meat sweeps the soup with the pork until it comes to the clear and bright soup.

>>BaiShiyi board duck
Acquires the fame Because it produces in BaiShiyi town Ba county, has had more than 100 years history. This salt system craft is unique, the color assumes brown , the cleaning steams ripely, the fragrance is attractive, suitably is eaten with rice or bread the partner liquor.

>>sausage in Dazu
Product in Dazu county . Selects the pork, matches pours into the sausage casing stereotypia after the supplementary material, makes after smokeless bakes . This color and luster glossy and moist, red and white is distinct, the intestines body is crisply elasticity, the flavor is tasty. Minute two kinds of Guang taste and Sichuan taste.

>>Shuangjiang piece bear duck
Selects the light year raises, the weight 1250 gram vigorous and healthy young duck is the raw material, after butchers goes the mixed wool , the bone setting, soaks by several 10 tastes precious traditional Chinese medicines despotic spice salt, supports the modeling, bakes by soft fire. In front of the food , steams 30 minutes anxiously again. The pulp is delicate, strongly fragrant disperses crisply, the color, the fragrance, the taste, is all good.

>>Clear cooks the oxtail soup
Selects the oxtail center-section with no fur, and place knife from under bone seam. Front cooking must use the clear water to soak, adds the seasoning when enters the pot, boiling and go away the spume, changes to the flame slowly cooks softly, achieves the characteristic with oxtail soft is tender, the meat but does not scatter to the bone, the soup color is neat, fresh fragrant mellow.

>>The chicken juice pot-sticker
Chop the fresh thin pork to be downy, mixes the stuffing by the seasoning and the chicken juice, make the dumpling with this ,then cooks in a covered vessel in the irons pot . The characteristic is fragrant crisp and delicate, the flavor is tasty.

>>Roast the double crisp on fire
The roast double crisp cooks with the chicken gizzard and pig stomach, is the vegetable which together the duration and degree of cooking time. The characteristic is red and white is distinct, salty, fresh, crisp and tasty.

>>Stir-fries the eel silk
¡°stir-fries¡± is the uniquely facture of cooking for the Sichuan cuisine, grasps the duration and degree of cooking is extremely essential, the characteristic is weak fragrant is crisp, is hot tasty, the aftertaste is infinite.

>>In camphor tree tea duck
The characteristic cooked food of Sichuan cuisine, therefore the duck elects the material to be strict, blends flavors complex, boils the system is elegant, past the folk was unusual, only was the palace meals. Its characteristic is salty fresh strongly fragrant is fragrant, the skin crisp meat is tender, tasty slagging.

>>The five spices smoked fish
The craft of boiling this vegetable is complex, must use many times blends flavors, explodes, burns, roasts and so on many kinds of boils the facture. The vegetable has the characteristic of fragrant, crisp, fresh, returns the sweet, It is the partner liquor which eaten with rice or bread the delicacies

>>The crisp skin fish
With 800 grams fresh fish one, cleaning, sails upstream the soybean flour, then drenches with the hot oil explodes the stereotypia, pouring sugar and vinegar juice after it is ripe. The characteristic is the sweet acid is tasty, the skin crisp is fragrant, the meat is delicate, the aftertaste is prolonged.

>>The purse fish stomach
Takes the yellow fish stomach which have processed to shape, feeds the fresh soup, spreads the fish Shen, makes the flower by ham, melon clothes, winter-picked mushroom, enters the cage steams ripely. For the high-level banquet vegetable, has the image is artistic, the quality of material is delicate, soup clear tasty characteristic.

>>The pigeon egg with bamboo shoot
With the bamboo shoot of the first-class delicacies from the mountain, adds the soup which boiling the pigeon egg, It is the extremely rich nutrition soup.The characteristic is the soup clear tasty, the nature tender is tasty.

>>The best trepang
One trepang with big crow senate, feeds the fresh soup, matches the chicken meat, the ham, the dried scallop, the winter bamboo shoot, the mouth mushroom and so on, steams softly, then drenches thick soup. The visible beauty and colorful, the nature tender juice is bright, salty fresh taste mellow characteristic.

>>Wuchaoshou
The stuffing is extremely elegant, downy meat must maintain sufficient moisture content, the stuffing can float to water surface. The end product characteristic is moist and softly, delicate salty and fresh.

>>The chicken silk beancurd brain
Makes with the soybean grinding paste, adds the ripe chicken silk and each kind of seasoning when eating. The characteristic is hot fresh and fragrant, the entrance melts, the flavor is unique.

>>Cross brige Chaoshou
It is well-known as its unique diet method, clamps Chaoshou in the bowl to the small dish when eating it , dips the seasoning in the small dish to eat, just like cross the bridge, so get the name . The characteristic is delicate tasty, but is suitable with the person, the taste is changeable.

>>Nine gardens steamed stuffed buns
With pork with fat, the winter bamboo shoot, the dried scallop, Jin Gou, the ham and so on add the seasoning make the salty stuffing; Or with the walnut kernel, sweet date, the sugared melon slice, orange cake, the rose sugar, the pig board oil and so on makes the sweet stuffing. Nine gardens steamed stuffed buns characteristic is, the skin thin stuffing completely, the pine soaks tastily, the taste is tasty and fragrant.

>>Burn the crag carp
Selects one crag carp about 600 grams, uses the Sichuan cuisine is in sole possession of ” dry-burning ” boils the facture, it has the fish shape integrity red, the luster is bright, the meat is tender tasty, micro spicy fragrant characteristic.

>>The deity duck
Selects one fat duck, matches the ham, the dried and sliced bamboo shoots, the mouth mashroom, the fresh soup, after explodes, the pouring becomes the vegetable. The characteristic is the pulp soft and tender, the salty fresh taste is thick.

>>The fish fragrant meat silk
It is one of the characteristic cooked food in the Sichuan cuisine. The characteristic is the luster is gorgeous, salty is both sweet harshly fragrant, the ginger onion garlic taste is rich.

>>The litchi cuttlefish volume
Selects the high quality cuttlefish, cuts into pieces, fries in the pot, it become the volume. The characteristic is the shape and the color is artistic, the acid sweet is tasty, soft and strong.

>>Dry-burningthe shark fin
With the shark fin, the chicken meat, the duck meat, the pork, the ham, moves by the fresh soup, bakes receives the juice. The characteristic is the wing needle is bright, soft is tasty, the juice is thick tasty. Delicacies for high-level banquet.

>>The leaf cake
With the glutinous rice powder wrap the hemp downy sweet stuffing heart or the fresh meat salty stuffing heart, outside binds the fresh loose skinned orange seed leaf, sets bright fire to steams. The characteristic is the delicate fragrance moistens, mellow sweet is tasty, the salty fresh taste is beautiful.

>>The cool fried rice cake
with the glutinous rice manufacture, middle clamps has ” the stuffing like the sand “, the surface sticks has the white sugar, the iris pockmarked face, the honey sweet-scented osmanthus, the yellow beanflour. The characteristic is the shape is diverse, is fragrant glutinous.

>>The bordeaux wind meat
The bordeaux wind meat is folk traditional food of Chongqing area, the element is beautiful tasty by the color, well-known as tasty but not greasily, steams, fries, explodes all may when eating, is eaten with rice or bread drinks suitably all.

>>The oil mellow mine product with the glutinous rice
The oil mellow mine product with the glutinous rice, gets down the wok with cooking oil, adds the sesame seed, orange cake, the walnut kernel, the crisp and oiled shelled peanut , sweet date, the white sugar and so on slightly fries, then puts in boils in the boiling water boils. The characteristic is the fragrant not greasy mouth, the nutrition is extremely rich. The local resident produces after the pregnant woman, all must do to parturient woman eats, by as soon as possible restores the body.

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China City and Province Introduction: Beijing

On May 12, 2010, In Beijing, Cities & Provinces, By admin

Note: * Municipalities are directly under the administration of central government. A municipality has the same political, economical and jurisdictional rights as a province.

Beijing Geography and Climate

Beijing, China’s national capital, is situated at the north edge of the North China Plain. Not far to its northwest is the vast Inner Mongolian Plateau and a hundred kilometers to the east is the Bohai Sea. Beijng is also flanked by the crawling Taihang Mountains to its west and the alluvial plain by the rivers of Yongding and Chaobai to its south.


Corner Tower of the Forbidden City of Beijing

Located in the North Temperate Zone with a continental monsoon climate, Beijing enjoys and annual mean temperature of 11.8°C (53.24°F) and annual mean precipitation of 630 mm, which concentrates mainly in the summer. January is the coldest month with the monthly mean temperature of -4.7°C (23.54°F) while July the hottest month with a mean temperature of 26.1°C (78.98°F). Beijing’s spring is relatively short, and people used to say that when the last day of the winter is gone, the summer is about to set in. Summer is usually hot with abundant rainfall. Autumn days are cool with clear sky and gentle breeze, making it the best season to travel. As winter is severe, outings naturally require heavy clothing. Climatically, Beijing’s four seasons cater to different interests of tourists.

Bird’s view of Tianan’men Square, and the up part of the picture is the Forbidden City (yellow-colored building roof)

Brief History of Beijing

Beijing is a great city noted for the rich heritage of oriental
history and culture. As early as three thousand years ago, a primitive tribal community started to take shape here. A tone had already come into being two thousand years ago.

 

 

 

Beautiful Stone Carving, Beijing

From 900 A.D. onward, Beijing served first as the secondary capital of the Liao Dynasty (916-1125) and then capitals of the Jin (1115-1234), Yuan (1271-1368), Ming (1368-1644) and Qing (1644-1919)Dynasties successively. Beijing was made the capital of the People’s Republic of China which was founded on October 1, 1949.

Beijing Local Products

Beijing and its surrounding counties are known to have the best
quality Miyun dates, Jingbai pears and Liangxiang chestnuts. King-size persimmon and especial the frozen ones are unique. Preserved fruits from of a part of Beijing’s traditional speciality. The Beijing Duck is a fine breed, well-know for its delicate meat. Beijing also offers artefacts, jade and stone carvings, filigree and lacquer ware, jewellery and the watercolor wood block printing of Rongbaozhai.

Beijing Local Cuisine

Beijing presents a galaxy of China’s famous cuisine. Here you not only are offered with four major schools of Chinese cuisine, namely, Shandong, Sichuan, Jiangzhe and Guangdong, but have a great variety of gastronomically specialities to choose from Beijing, Hunan, Shanxi and Henan styles, let alone numerous local flavors and snacks.
Beijing roast duck provides a special enjoyment to thousands of
customers, Chinese and foreigners alike. The top restaurants serving Beijing roast duck are Quanjude Roast Duck Restaurant at Hepingmen and its branch at Qianmen and Bianyifang Roast Duck Restaurants. They stick to the traditional roasting method and maintain the original flavor. You will find the duck with dark brown color, crispy skin, and tender and tasty meat lightening the enjoyment of the guests. Your visit to Beijing is incomplete without a try at the Beijing roast duck.

You can also try the Beijing rinsed mutton with Mongolian hot pot at Donglaishun Restaurant, imperial recipes at Fangshan Restaurant, any of the famous dishes at Sichuan, Guandong, Huaiyang, and Tanjin, styles at the Beijing Hotel Restaurant, a “complete fish meal” at the Hall of Listening to the Oriole Restaurant at the Summer Palace, or a “complete pork meal” at Shaguoju or a “complete lamb meal” at Hongbinlou. The Barbecue of Kaorou Ji and Kaorou Wan is also quite famous.

Beijing Pictures

The Great Wall in Mutianyu Section, Beijing

China’s icon: Tiananmen Square, the largest in the world

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History of Peking University

On May 11, 2010, In University, By admin

Founded in 1898, Peking University was originally known as the Imperial University of Peking. It was the first national university covering comprehensive disciplines in China, and has been a leading institution of higher education in China since its establishment. It also served as the highest administration for education at the beginning of its founding. 

 In 1912, the university adopted its present name. At the end of the 20th century, the Chinese government put Peking University at the top of its agenda for promoting higher education, with the aim to build a world-class university in the 21st Century. After merging with Beijing Medical University in 2000, Peking University once again was strengthened in its disciplinary structure. 

 Peking University has continually played the essential role of pioneers in the course of China’s modernization. The university’s traditional emphasis on patriotism, progress, democracy, and science, together with its educational standards of diligence, precision, factualism, and innovation, have been passed down from generation to generation.

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Introducing South China University of Technology

On May 11, 2010, In University, By admin

 

South China University of Technology (SCUT) is one of China’s key universities operating under the direct leadership of the State Ministry of Education. The university, which has a total area of 294 hectares, is situated in Guangzhou, a southern metropolitan in China. The university has two campuses: The North Campus and the South Campus.
 
South China University of Technology (SCUT), formerly known as the South China Institute of Technology, was established in 1952. In 1960, SCUT was awarded ranked among the key universities of China. In 1981, it was authorized by the State Council to confer doctor degrees and master degrees，and was among the first universities in the country to do so. In 1995, it was selected as one of the universities into which China will make significant investment in the 21st century. In 1999, it was rated “excellent” during the Undergraduate Teaching Assessment, and was among the first “Excellent Universities of Undergraduate Education” in the country. In the same year, a national science park was established with the authorization of State Ministry of Technology and State Ministry of Education. In 2000, Graduate School was authorized to be established. In 2001, the new cooperative construction of State Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province was implemented in SCUT and it was listed among the top universities in the country. After more than 50 years of development, SCUT has become a multidisciplinary university of high reputation in South China and in the whole country, focusing on engineering, combined with science, also promoting well coordinated development of management, economics, humanities and law.
 
With precise knowledge pursuit, the school eminent spirit of comity and factualism has come into being. SCUT sticks to its educational guideline of “emphasizing moral character, building well-grounded base, strengthening ability and cultivating comprehensive adaptability”. And this guideline has helped cultivating exclusive technological and management talents that are welcomed to the society. In recent years, the demand of graduate students has exceeded their supply. The employment rate of its undergraduates in 2009 has reached 98.54% and that of its graduates 99.29%. Since its founding, the university has cultivated for the country over 160,000 graduates at all levels. A large number of school fellows have become technological mainstays, distinguished entrepreneurs or leading cadres. SCUT is named by the society as “a cradle of engineers” and “a cradle of entrepreneurs”.
 
Facing the new century, SCUT will take discipline constructions as pre-requisite, regard individual as its roots, consider talent cultivation as its ultimate aim and highlight technological pursuit. SCUT intends to enlarge and extend its scale and realize the coordinated development of its scale, structure, quality and benefit. SCUT accelerates its education reform by gearing the university from multidiscipline-oriented to integration-oriented, from teaching research-oriented to research-oriented, and from partial open form to completely open form, so as to build SCUT into a top-ranking State university and a famous world-class university.

Maps & Directions

Location of SCUT North Campus in Guangzhou City

Location of SCUT South Campus in Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center

Guangzhou Metro Route

 welcome to South China University of Technology

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History of Tsinghua University

On May 11, 2010, In University, By admin
Tsinghua University, located in the northwestern suburbs of Beijing, was established in 1911 on the site of “Qing Hua Yuan” – a former royal garden of the Qing Dynasty. Funded with part of the “Boxer Indemnity,” it was at first a preparatory school called “Tsinghua Xuetang” for those students who were sent by the government to study in the United States.On April 29, 1911, Tsinghua Xuetang began its first term, and from then on the last Sunday of April was set as the school’s anniversary. The name was changed to “Tsinghua School” after the 1911 Revolution.

In 1925, a university section was established, offering a four－year program for students. In 1928, its name was changed to “National Tsinghua University，” and in the autumn of 1929 a graduate school was set up.

Following the outbreak of the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression in 1937, Tsinghua University, Peking University and Nankai University merged to form the Southwest Associated University in Kunming. After the war, Tsinghua University moved back to the original campus in Beijing and resumed operation at its present location.

Three years after the founding of the People’s Republic of China, a nationwide restructuring of institutes of higher education was initiated, and in 1952, Tsinghua University became a multidisciplinary polytechnic university with an emphasis on training engineers. In November of that year, the Ministry of Education appointed Jiang Nanxiang as President.

Since 1978, during the period of reform and opening to the rest of the world, Tsinghua University has gradually restored such disciplines as science, economic management, humanities and law. In 1999, Tsinghua opened the School of Arts and Design by merging with the Central Academy of Arts and Design. Tsinghua has become a leading comprehensive university with engineering as its focus, while concurrently offering degrees in science, liberal arts, management and law.

At the end of 2000, Tsinghua University had eight colleges and 43 departments, 44 research institutes, nine engineering research centers, and 163 laboratories, including 15 national key laboratories. The university offers 37 bachelor’s degree programs, 107 master’s degree programs and 64 Ph.D. programs.

To fully implement the “China Education Reform and Development Program,” Tsinghua University has set new development targets for the next 15 years. Educational quality and effectiveness will be improved and disciplinary structure will be adjusted. Based on our strength in engineering, the university will promote the development of science and management departments. Humanities and social sciences will stress particular areas with high academic standards.

In less than 100 years, Tsinghua University has witnessed and shared the hardships and glories of the nation. The university’s motto of “Self-discipline and Social Commitment” has inspired many generations of Tsinghua teachers and students to struggle for the prosperity of China. Now, striving to build Tsinghua University into a world-class university by its 100th anniversary in 2011 has become the objective of each member of the teaching staff and the student body.

  • 1911 Establishment of “Tsinghua Xue Tang”, later changed to “Tsinghua School” (preparatory school for students to study in the USA)
  • 1925 Establishment of college division
  • 1928 “National Tsinghua University” is set up with 16 departments in four schools： Liberal Arts, Law, Sciences, and Engineering
  • 1937 Tsinghua moved to Changsha, merged with Peking University and Nankai University to form “Changsha Temporary University”
  • 1938 Moved to Kunming, name changed to “Southwest Associated University”
  • 1946 Returned to original campus – “Qing Hua Yuan” in Beijing, with 26 departments in five schools: Liberal Arts, Law, Sciences, Engineering，and Agriculture and 26 departments
  • 1952 Becomes polytechnic university after nationwide restructuring
  • 1978 Nationwide College Entrance Examination is resumed
  • 1984 Establishment of the first Graduate School in China.― School of Economic Management is formed out of the existing department of management engineering.

    － School of Sciences resumes on the basis of science departments.
  • 1985 First School of Continuing Education opens in China
  • 1988 Establishment of the School of Architecture on the basis of the Department of Architecture
  • 1993 Establishment of the School of Humanities and Social Sciences on the basis of former departments and research institutes of humanities and social sciences
  • 1994 Establishment of the School of Information Science and Technology
  • 1996 Establishment of the School of Mechanical Engineering
  • 1999 School of Law resumes operation― Establishment of the School of Applied Science and Technology

    ― Establishment of the School of Arts and Design by merging with the Central Academy of Arts and Design
  • 2000 Establishment of the School of Civil Engineering on the basis of former departments and research institutes of Civil Engineering and Hydraulic and Hydropower Engineering― School of Public Policy and Management is set up on the basis of department of Public Policy and Management
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